反滲(shen)透(tou)膜分離技術的(de)基本原理

重慶(qing)恒(heng)諾水(shui)處理(li)(li)設(she)備有限(xian)公(gong)司(si)從事(shi)水(shui)處理(li)(li)事(shi)業(ye)十一年(nian)，已成(cheng)為(wei)純水(shui)、超(chao)純水(shui)設(she)備，實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室超(chao)純水(shui)設(she)備，工業(ye)電子級超(chao)純水(shui)設(she)備,實(shi)驗(yan)(yan)室綜合(he)廢水(shui)系統，礦(kuang)用超(chao)純水(shui)處理(li)(li)設(she)備的(de)專業(ye)生產廠家，以客戶(hu)需求為(wei)中心，致力(li)于為(wei)客戶(hu)創造價值，提供(gong)最優質最實(shi)惠的(de)水(shui)處理(li)(li)解決方案，今天分享：

反滲透膜分離技術(shu)的基本原理

在(zai)相(xiang)同的外壓下，當溶液與純(chun)溶劑(ji)為半(ban)(ban)(ban)透(tou)(tou)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)隔(ge)開時，純(chun)溶劑(ji)會通(tong)過(guo)(guo)半(ban)(ban)(ban)透(tou)(tou)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)使溶液變(bian)淡的現(xian)象稱為滲(shen)透(tou)(tou)。這時溶劑(ji)分(fen)子在(zai)單位(wei)時間內進(jin)(jin)入(ru)溶液內的數(shu)(shu)目(mu)要比(bi)溶液內的溶劑(ji)分(fen)子在(zai)同一時間內通(tong)過(guo)(guo)半(ban)(ban)(ban)透(tou)(tou)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)進(jin)(jin)入(ru)純(chun)溶劑(ji)內的數(shu)(shu)目(mu)多。表面上看來(lai)，溶劑(ji)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)半(ban)(ban)(ban)透(tou)(tou)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)滲(shen)透(tou)(tou)到(dao)溶液中，使得溶液體積(ji)增大(da)，濃度(du)變(bian)稀，當單位(wei)時間內溶劑(ji)分(fen)子從(cong)兩(liang)個(ge)相(xiang)反的方(fang)向穿過(guo)(guo)半(ban)(ban)(ban)透(tou)(tou)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)的數(shu)(shu)目(mu)彼此相(xiang)等(deng)，即(ji)達到(dao)滲(shen)透(tou)(tou)平衡(heng)。滲(shen)透(tou)(tou)必須(xu)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)一種(zhong)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)來(lai)進(jin)(jin)行，這種(zhong)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)只能允許溶劑(ji)分(fen)子通(tong)過(guo)(guo)，而(er)不允許溶質的分(fen)子通(tong)過(guo)(guo)，因此稱之為半(ban)(ban)(ban)透(tou)(tou)膜(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)。

當半透(tou)(tou)膜(mo)(mo)隔開溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)與純溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)時(shi)，加在原(yuan)(yuan)溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)上使其恰(qia)好能(neng)阻(zu)止純溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)進入溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)額(e)外壓(ya)(ya)力稱之為滲(shen)透(tou)(tou)壓(ya)(ya)，通常溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)愈濃，溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)滲(shen)透(tou)(tou)壓(ya)(ya)愈大。如果(guo)加在溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)上的(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)力超過(guo)了滲(shen)透(tou)(tou)壓(ya)(ya)，則反而(er)使溶(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)中的(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)向(xiang)純溶(rong)(rong)劑(ji)方(fang)向(xiang)流動，這個過(guo)程叫做(zuo)反滲(shen)透(tou)(tou)。反滲(shen)透(tou)(tou)膜(mo)(mo)分離技術(shu)就(jiu)是利用(yong)反滲(shen)透(tou)(tou)原(yuan)(yuan)理進行分離的(de)(de)方(fang)法。