反滲透膜分離技術的基本原理

重慶(qing)恒諾水(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設(she)備(bei)有限公司從事水(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)事業十一年(nian)，已(yi)成為(wei)(wei)純(chun)水(shui)、超純(chun)水(shui)設(she)備(bei)，實驗(yan)室超純(chun)水(shui)設(she)備(bei)，工業電子(zi)級(ji)超純(chun)水(shui)設(she)備(bei),實驗(yan)室綜合廢水(shui)系統，礦用(yong)超純(chun)水(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)設(she)備(bei)的專(zhuan)業生(sheng)產廠家，以(yi)客(ke)戶需求為(wei)(wei)中心，致力于(yu)為(wei)(wei)客(ke)戶創造價值，提供最(zui)優質最(zui)實惠(hui)的水(shui)處(chu)(chu)理(li)(li)(li)解決(jue)方案，今天分享：

反滲透膜分離技術(shu)的基本原理

在相同(tong)的(de)(de)外(wai)壓(ya)下，當(dang)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)與(yu)純(chun)溶(rong)劑(ji)為半(ban)透(tou)膜(mo)(mo)隔開時(shi)，純(chun)溶(rong)劑(ji)會通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)半(ban)透(tou)膜(mo)(mo)使溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)變淡的(de)(de)現(xian)象稱(cheng)為滲透(tou)。這(zhe)時(shi)溶(rong)劑(ji)分(fen)(fen)子在單位(wei)時(shi)間(jian)內(nei)(nei)進入(ru)溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)數目(mu)要(yao)比溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)溶(rong)劑(ji)分(fen)(fen)子在同(tong)一時(shi)間(jian)內(nei)(nei)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)半(ban)透(tou)膜(mo)(mo)進入(ru)純(chun)溶(rong)劑(ji)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)數目(mu)多。表面(mian)上(shang)看來，溶(rong)劑(ji)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)半(ban)透(tou)膜(mo)(mo)滲透(tou)到溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)中，使得溶(rong)液(ye)(ye)體積(ji)增大，濃(nong)度(du)變稀(xi)，當(dang)單位(wei)時(shi)間(jian)內(nei)(nei)溶(rong)劑(ji)分(fen)(fen)子從兩(liang)個相反的(de)(de)方向穿過(guo)(guo)半(ban)透(tou)膜(mo)(mo)的(de)(de)數目(mu)彼此相等，即達到滲透(tou)平衡。滲透(tou)必須通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)一種(zhong)膜(mo)(mo)來進行，這(zhe)種(zhong)膜(mo)(mo)只能(neng)允(yun)許(xu)(xu)溶(rong)劑(ji)分(fen)(fen)子通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)，而不允(yun)許(xu)(xu)溶(rong)質的(de)(de)分(fen)(fen)子通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)(guo)，因此稱(cheng)之為半(ban)透(tou)膜(mo)(mo)。

當(dang)半透膜(mo)隔開(kai)溶(rong)(rong)液與(yu)純(chun)(chun)溶(rong)(rong)劑時，加在原溶(rong)(rong)液上使(shi)(shi)其恰(qia)好能阻止(zhi)純(chun)(chun)溶(rong)(rong)劑進(jin)入溶(rong)(rong)液的(de)(de)額外壓(ya)力稱之為滲透壓(ya)，通(tong)常溶(rong)(rong)液愈濃，溶(rong)(rong)液的(de)(de)滲透壓(ya)愈大。如果(guo)加在溶(rong)(rong)液上的(de)(de)壓(ya)力超過了(le)滲透壓(ya)，則(ze)反(fan)(fan)而(er)使(shi)(shi)溶(rong)(rong)液中的(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)劑向純(chun)(chun)溶(rong)(rong)劑方向流動(dong)，這(zhe)個過程叫(jiao)做反(fan)(fan)滲透。反(fan)(fan)滲透膜(mo)分離(li)技術就是利用反(fan)(fan)滲透原理進(jin)行分離(li)的(de)(de)方法。